Why retrieval is needed
Some men have no sperm in the ejaculated sample because of a blockage or because sperm production is very low. In selected cases, sperm may be retrieved directly from the epididymis or testicle.
Retrieved sperm is often used with ICSI during an IVF cycle.
Different techniques
PESA retrieves sperm from the epididymis using a needle. TESA or TESE retrieves sperm from testicular tissue. The best option depends on diagnosis and specialist assessment.
The procedure may be coordinated with egg retrieval or planned ahead with freezing if sperm is found.
Counselling is important
Patients should understand success chances, anesthesia, recovery, freezing options, and whether genetic evaluation is recommended.