IVF Treatment

Who IVF is usually recommended for

IVF is not automatically the first step. For many couples a specialist will start with investigations and simpler treatment, and only move to IVF when the diagnosis points that way or when less invasive options have not worked.

It becomes the clearer option where the fallopian tubes are blocked or absent, where sperm numbers or quality are too low for fertilisation to happen naturally, or where several cycles of ovulation induction or IUI have not resulted in a pregnancy.

• Blocked, damaged or surgically removed fallopian tubes
• Severe male factor infertility, including very low count or motility
• Endometriosis affecting the ovaries, tubes or implantation
• Reduced ovarian reserve or advanced maternal age
• Unexplained infertility after a full investigation of both partners
• Repeated unsuccessful IUI cycles
• Where embryo genetic testing (PGD/PGT) is medically indicated

The IVF cycle step by step

A full cycle usually runs over four to six weeks from the start of medication to the pregnancy test, though the preparation and testing beforehand can take longer.

• Consultation and testing — hormone profiles, ovarian reserve testing, a scan and a semen analysis establish the diagnosis and shape the protocol.
• Ovarian stimulation — daily injections encourage several follicles to mature instead of the single egg of a natural cycle. This typically runs 8 to 12 days.
• Monitoring — scans and blood tests track follicle growth and hormone levels so doses can be adjusted and the trigger timed correctly.
• Egg retrieval — eggs are collected under sedation in a short day procedure, guided by ultrasound. Most patients go home the same day.
• Fertilisation — eggs and sperm are brought together in the laboratory, either conventionally or by ICSI where sperm quality requires it.
• Embryo culture — embryos are grown in the incubator, usually to the blastocyst stage on day five or six, and assessed as they develop.
• Embryo transfer — a suitable embryo is placed in the uterus in a quick procedure that does not need sedation. Remaining embryos may be frozen.
• Pregnancy test — a blood test about two weeks after transfer confirms the outcome.

What happens in the laboratory

The laboratory stage is where most of the difference between clinics lies, because embryos are sensitive to temperature, air quality and handling. Our Colombo laboratory was built with BioClad walls, ceilings and floors to hold a high-sterile environment, and embryos are cultured in monitored incubators.

Where embryo genetic testing is part of the plan, biopsy and PGD/PGT testing are carried out in-house rather than shipped abroad, which shortens the time between biopsy and result.

Risks and limitations worth knowing

IVF is a well-established treatment, but it is a medical procedure with real considerations, and an honest specialist will raise these before you start rather than after.

• Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is uncommon with modern protocols but remains a risk, and monitoring exists partly to catch it early.
• Not every cycle produces eggs, and not every egg fertilises or develops into a transferable embryo.
• Egg retrieval is a minor procedure but still carries small risks of bleeding, infection and a reaction to sedation.
• Multiple pregnancy risk rises if more than one embryo is transferred, which is why single embryo transfer is often advised.
• Outcomes depend heavily on age and diagnosis. No clinic can guarantee a pregnancy or a live birth.

Preparing for a cycle

Both partners are asked to attend where possible, since fertility is assessed as a couple and it saves repeat visits. Bring any previous test results, scan reports, semen analyses and treatment summaries — even old ones are useful context.

In the months before a cycle, stopping smoking, moderating alcohol, and working towards a healthy weight all support outcomes. Your specialist will advise on folic acid and any supplements relevant to your situation.

Frequently asked questions